क्रियात्मक समूह

बेंजिल एसिटेट में इस्टर प्रकार्यात्मक समूह (केसरिया घेरा में) है।

कार्बनिक रसायन में, कवनो अणु में उपस्थित परमाणुन् या बन्धन् कय अइसन विशिष्ट समूह जवन उ कार्बनिक यौगिक कय रासायनिक गुणन् कय निर्धारण करत अहै,ओका प्रकार्यात्मक समूह या क्रियात्मक समूह (फंक्शनल ग्रुप) कहत हैं ।

प्रमुख प्रकार्यात्मक समूहन् कय सुची

हाइड्रोकार्बन

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Alkane	Alkyl	R(CH2)nH		alkyl-	-ane	Ethane
Alkene	Alkenyl	R2C=CR2		alkenyl-	-ene	Ethylene (Ethene)
Alkyne	Alkynyl	RC≡CR'		alkynyl-	-yne	Acetylene (Ethyne)
Benzene derivative	Phenyl	RC6H5 RPh		phenyl-	-benzene	Cumene (2-phenylpropane)
Toluene derivative	Benzyl	RCH2C6H5 RBn		benzyl-	1-(substituent)toluene	Benzyl bromide (α-Bromotoluene)

हाइड्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
haloalkane	halo	RX		halo-	alkyl halide	Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
fluoroalkane	fluoro	RF		fluoro-	alkyl fluoride	Fluoromethane (Methyl fluoride)
chloroalkane	chloro	RCl		chloro-	alkyl chloride	Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)
bromoalkane	bromo	RBr		bromo-	alkyl bromide	Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
iodoalkane	iodo	RI		iodo-	alkyl iodide	Iodomethane (Methyl iodide)

आक्सीजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Alcohol	Hydroxyl	ROH		hydroxy-	-ol	Methanol
Ketone	Carbonyl	RCOR'		-oyl- (-COR') or oxo- (=O)	-one	Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)
Aldehyde	Aldehyde	RCHO		formyl- (-COH) or oxo- (=O)	-al	Acetaldehyde (Ethanal)
Acyl halide	Haloformyl	RCOX		carbonofluoridoyl- carbonochloridoyl- carbonobromidoyl- carbonoiodidoyl-	-oyl halide	Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride)
Carbonate	Carbonate estere	ROCOOR		(alkoxycarbonyl)oxy-	alkyl carbonate	Triphosgene (bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate)
Carboxylate	Carboxylate	RCOO−		carboxy-	-oate	Sodium acetate (Sodium ethanoate)
Carboxylic acid	Carboxyl	RCOOH		carboxy-	-oic acid	Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid)
Ester	Ester	RCOOR'		alkanoyloxy- or alkoxycarbonyl	alkyl alkanoate	Ethyl butyrate (Ethyl butanoate)
Methoxy	Methoxy	ROCH3		methoxy-
Hydroperoxide	Hydroperoxy	ROOH		hydroperoxy-	alkyl hydroperoxide	tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
Peroxide	Peroxy	ROOR		peroxy-	alkyl peroxide	Di-tert-butyl peroxide
Ether	Ether	ROR'		alkoxy-	alkyl ether	Diethyl ether (Ethoxyethane)
Hemiacetal	Hemiacetal	RCH(OR')(OH)		alkoxy -ol	-al alkyl hemiacetal
Hemiketal	Hemiketal	RC(ORʺ)(OH)R'		alkoxy -ol	-one alkyl hemiketal
Acetal	Acetal	RCH(OR')(OR")		dialkoxy-	-al dialkyl acetal
Ketal (or Acetal)	Ketal (or Acetal)	RC(ORʺ)(OR‴)R'		dialkoxy-	-one dialkyl ketal
Orthoester	Orthoester	RC(OR')(ORʺ)(OR‴)		trialkoxy-
Heterocycle	Methylenedioxy	PhOCOPh		methylenedioxy-	-dioxole	1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene (1,3-Benzodioxole)
Orthocarbonate ester	Orthocarbonate ester	C(OR)(OR')(ORʺ)(OR″)		tetralkoxy-	tetraalkyl orthocarbonate

नाइट्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Amide	Carboxamide	RCONR2		carboxamido- or carbamoyl-	-amide	Acetamide (Ethanamide)
Amines	Primary amine	RNH2		amino-	-amine	Methylamine (Methanamine)
	Secondary amine	R2NH		amino-	-amine	Dimethylamine
	Tertiary amine	R3N		amino-	-amine	Trimethylamine
	4° ammonium ion	R4N+		ammonio-	-ammonium	Choline
Imine	Primary ketimine	RC(=NH)R'		imino-	-imine
	Secondary ketimine	RC(=NR)R'		imino-	-imine
	Primary aldimine	RC(=NH)H		imino-	-imine	Ethanimine
	Secondary aldimine	RC(=NR')H		imino-	-imine
Imide	Imide	(RCO)2NR'		imido-	-imide	Succinimide (Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione)
Azide	Azide	RN3		azido-	alkyl azide	Phenyl azide (Azidobenzene)
Azo compound	Azo (Diimide)	RN2R'		azo-	-diazene	Methyl orange (p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
Cyanates	Cyanate	ROCN		cyanato-	alkyl cyanate	Methyl cyanate
	Isocyanate	RNCO		isocyanato-	alkyl isocyanate	Methyl isocyanate
Nitrate	Nitrate	RONO2		nitrooxy-, nitroxy-	alkyl nitrate	Amyl nitrate (1-nitrooxypentane)
Nitrile	Nitrile	RCN		cyano-	alkanenitrile alkyl cyanide	Benzonitrile (Phenyl cyanide)
	Isonitrile	RNC		isocyano-	alkaneisonitrile alkyl isocyanide	Methyl isocyanide
Nitrite	Nitrosooxy	RONO		nitrosooxy-	alkyl nitrite	Isoamyl nitrite (3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)
Nitro compound	Nitro	RNO2		nitro-		Nitromethane
Nitroso compound	Nitroso	RNO		nitroso- (Nitrosyl-)		Nitrosobenzene
Pyridine derivative	Pyridyl	RC5H4N		4-pyridyl (pyridin-4-yl) 3-pyridyl (pyridin-3-yl) 2-pyridyl (pyridin-2-yl)	-pyridine	Nicotine

गंधक वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Thiol	Sulfhydryl	RSH		sulfanyl- (-SH)	-thiol	Ethanethiol
Sulfide (Thioether)	Sulfide	RSR'		substituent sulfanyl- (-SR')	di(substituent) sulfide	(Methylsulfanyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl sulfide (suffix)
Disulfide	Disulfide	RSSR'		substituent disulfanyl- (-SSR')	di(substituent) disulfide	(Methyldisulfanyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl disulfide (suffix)
Sulfoxide	Sulfinyl	RSOR'		-sulfinyl- (-SOR')	di(substituent) sulfoxide	(Methanesulfinyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl sulfoxide (suffix)
Sulfone	Sulfonyl	RSO2R'		-sulfonyl- (-SO2R')	di(substituent) sulfone	(Methanesulfonyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl sulfone (suffix)
Sulfinic acid	Sulfino	RSO2H		sulfino- (-SO2H)	-sulfinic acid	2-Aminoethanesulfinic acid
Sulfonic acid	Sulfo	RSO3H		sulfo- (-SO3H)	-sulfonic acid	Benzenesulfonic acid
Thiocyanate	Thiocyanate	RSCN		thiocyanato- (-SCN)	substituent thiocyanate	Phenyl thiocyanate
	Isothiocyanate	RNCS		isothiocyanato- (-NCS)	substituent isothiocyanate	Allyl isothiocyanate
Thione	Carbonothioyl	RCSR'		-thioyl- (-CSR') or sulfanylidene- (=S)	-thione	Diphenylmethanethione (Thiobenzophenone)
Thial	Carbonothioyl	RCSH		methanethioyl- (-CSH) or sulfanylidene- (=S)	-thial

फॉस्फोरस वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Phosphine (Phosphane)	Phosphino	R3P		phosphanyl-	-phosphane	Methylpropylphosphane
Phosphonic acid	Phosphono	RP(=O)(OH)2		phosphono-	substituent phosphonic acid	Benzylphosphonic acid
Phosphate	Phosphate	ROP(=O)(OH)2		phosphonooxy- or O-phosphono- (phospho-)	substituent phosphate	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (suffix)
						O-Phosphonocholine (prefix) (Phosphocholine)
Phosphodiester	Phosphate	HOPO(OR)2		[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy- or O-[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]-	di(substituent) hydrogen phosphate or phosphoric acid di(substituent) ester	DNA
						O‑[(2‑Guanidinoethoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]‑खाँचा:Smallcaps‑serine (prefix) (Lombricine)

बोरॉन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Boronic acid	Borono	RB(OH)2		Borono-	substituent boronic acid	Phenylboronic acid
Boronic ester	Boronate	RB(OR)2		O-[bis(alkoxy)alkylboronyl]-	substituent boronic acid di(substituent) ester
Borinic acid	Borino	R2BOH		Hydroxyborino-	di(substituent) borinic acid
Borinic ester	Borinate	R2BOR		O-[alkoxydialkylboronyl]-	di(substituent) borinic acid substituent ester	Diphenylborinic acid 2-aminoethyl ester (2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate)